Reading and Reading-Related Tests Now Available Through Psycho-Educational Services Test of Phonological Awareness-Second Edition:PLUS (TOPA-2+) Gray Oral Reading Tests-Fifth Edition (GORT-5) Gray Diagnostic Reading Tests-Second Edition (GDRT-2) Test of Phonological Awareness-Second Edition: PLUS (TOPA-2+)  Joseph K. Torgensen • Brian R. Bryant Ages: 5 through 8 years Testing Time: Kindergarten--30-45 min.; Early Elementary--15-30 min. Administration: Group or individual The TOPA-2+, a revision of the popular Test of Phonological Awareness, is a group-administered, norm-referenced measure of phonological awareness for children ages 5 through 8 years. The scale, which can also be administered individually, has demonstrated reliability and the test yields valid results that are reported in terms of percentile ranks and a variety of standard scores (e.g., scale scores, Normal Curve Equivalents) that can be selected based on the preference of the examiner and the purpose for which the results are to be used (e.g., identification; reports to local, state, or federal agencies). The TOPA-2+ has two versions, a Kindergarten version and an Early Elementary version, that measure young children's ability to (a) isolate individual phonemes in spoken words and (b) understand the relationships between letters and phonemes in English. The latter skill was not assessed by the original TOPA and is the reason the PLUS was added to the title.   One version, the Kindergarten TOPA-2+, can be administered any time during the kindergarten year but is likely to be most sensitive to individual differences during the second half of the year. This version uses two different item types to assess phonemic awareness. Ten Initial Sound-Same items require children to mark which of three words begins with the same sound as a target word. Ten Initial Sound-Different items require children to mark which word in a group of four words begins with a different first sound than the other three. A child's total score for phonemic awareness is the number correct on each item type added together. The Letter-Sounds subtest requires children to mark which letter, from a set of four, corresponds to a specific phoneme. The subtest has 15 items, and the child's score for the test is the total number correct. The Early Elementary version of the TOPA-2+, for children in first and second grades, is similar in structure to the kindergarten version, except that the child must identify final sounds in words, which is a more difficult task. The 10 Ending Sound-Same items requires children to identify which of three words ends with the same sound as a target word, while the 10 Ending Sound-Different items asks children to mark which of a group of four words ends in a different sound than the others. As with the kindergarten version, the number correct on both item types is summed to get one total score for phonemic awareness. The Letter-Sounds test for the Early Elementary version requires children to spell simple pseudowords that are given as the names of "funny animals." The words vary from two to five phonemes in length, and they are all single-syllable. The child's score is the total number of words spelled correctly.   The TOPA-2+ was normed on 2,085 students from 26 states; 1,035 for the Kindergarten Version and 1,050 for the Early Elementary Version. The sample is representative of the United States across several key demographic variables (i.e., geographic region, gender, race, ethnicity, family income, educational attainment of parents).   The TOPA-2+ manual provides evidence of internal consistency reliability, test-retest reliability, and interscorer reliability; all of which meet or exceed .80 across all ages. Evidence is also provided for content-descriptive validity, criterion-prediction validity, and construct-identification validity. The manual also provides evidence that the TOPA-2+ subtests are nonbiased in regard to gender, race, and ethnicity.   Major improvements in this edition:   1.  All new normative data were collected during the years 2002 and 2003. 2.  Characteristics of the normative sample with regard to age, geographic region, gender, race, residence, Hispanic ethnicity, family income, and parents' education are keyed to the 2000 census data projections and therefore are representative of the current U.S. Population. 3. The normative data for geographic region, gender, race, and residence have been stratified by age. 4. Studies showing the absence of culture, gender, race, and disability bias have been added. 5. Reliability coefficients have been computed by age and separately for males, females, Euro-Americans, African Americans, and Hispanic Americans, and those with language and learning disabilities, as well as for the entire normative group. 6. All new validity studies have been conducted; these studies show clearly that the test results are valid for a wide variety of mainstream and minority subgroups, as well as for the general population. 7. Some items from the original scale were changed to less offensive words and pictures. 8. Letter-sound correspondence subtests were added to it which adds substantially to the predictive accuracy of early screening for reading difficulties.  9. The overall look of the test has been updated and improved. COMPLETE TOPA-2+ KIT INCLUDES: Examiner's Manual, 50 Kindergarten Summary Forms, 50 Early Elementary Summary Forms, 25 Student Booklets for Kindergarten, and 25 Student Booklets for Early Elementary, all in a sturdy storage box. (2004)   Order #11880: TOPA-2+ Complete Kit  ($228.00) Order #11881: TOPA-2+ Examiner's Manual           ($79.00) Order #11882: TOPA-2+ Kindergarten Summary Forms, pad of 50 ($33.00) Order #11883: TOPA-2+ Early Elementary Summary Forms           ($33.00)Order #11884: TOPA-2+ Kindergarten Student Booklets (25)        ($51.00) Order #11885: TOPA-2+ Early Elementary Student Booklets (25) $51.00 Click here to place an order.   Gray Oral Reading Tests  Fourth Edition (GORT-5)  J. Lee Wiederholt • Brian R. Bryant The Gray Oral Reading Tests, now in its fifth edition, is one of the most widely used measures of oral reading fluency and comprehension in the United States. The GORT-5 has two equivalent forms, Form A and Form B. Each form contains 16 developmentally sequenced reading passages with five comprehension questions each. An optional miscue analysis system allows reading specialists to analyze reading errors and tailor interventions to specific students’ needs. New Features of the GORT-5 New normative data were collected in 2008-2010 Norms were extended upward to age 23 years, 11 months’ Basal and ceiling rules were streamlined to make administration easier and more efficient Comprehension questions were completely revised, and studies were provided to show that the items are passage dependent Reliability and validity studies were added The overall look of the test was updated Available Scores for the GORT-5 Rate. The Rate Score is derived from the amount of time in seconds taken by a student to read a story aloud. Accuracy. The Accuracy Score is derived from the number of words the student pronounces correctly when reading the passage. Fluency. The Fluency Score is a combination of the student’s Rate and Accuracy Scores. Comprehension. The Comprehension Score is the number of questions about the stories that the student answers correctly. The open-ended format ensures that the items are passage dependent. Oral Reading Index. The Oral Reading Index is a composite score formed by combining students’ Fluency and Comprehension scaled scores. Rate, Accuracy, Fluency, and Comprehension are reported as raw scores, grade and age equivalents, percentile ranks, and scaled scores having a mean of 10 and a standard deviation of 3. The Oral Reading Index is reported as a standard score based on a distribution having a mean of 100 and a standard deviation of 15. Percentile ranks are also provided. Reliability and Validity For both forms, average internal consistency (content sampling) reliability coefficients exceed .90. The alternate forms reliability coefficients for the Oral Reading Index exceed .90. The average test-retest (time sampling) coefficients for the ORI for the same form (e.g., Form A to A, Form B to B) exceed .85. The average test-retest (time sampling) coefficient for the ORI for different forms (e.g., Form A to B and Form B to A) is .85. Correlations of the GORT-5 scores with those of other well-known reading measures are large or very large in magnitude. Binary classification studies indicate that the GORT-5 is able to accurately identify students with reading difficulties (i.e., sensitivity = .82, specificity = .86, ROC/AUC = .92, cut score = 90, low false positives). Considerable other validity evidence is provided in the manual. The GORT-5 may be used for: Identifying students with reading difficulties. The GORT-5 can be used in identifying students who may need more intensive or explicit instruction in reading in order to make adequate progress in reading facility and/or comprehension. Diagnosing reading disabilities. The test can be used as part of a battery of tests for diagnosis of specific reading disabilities in children through young adults. Determining strengths and weaknesses. The GORT-5 can be used to compare intra-individual reading skills (e.g., reading rate vs. comprehension) and to help tailor interventions to the student’s specific needs. Evaluating students’ progress in reading. Having two equivalent forms enables examiners to conduct pre-and post-intervention testing to measure progress. Conducting research. The GORT-5 is a standardized, norm-referenced test, making it suitable for use in reading research. The complete GORT-5 Kit Includes: Examiner’s Manual, Student Book, and 25 Examiner Record Booklets each for Forms A and B, all in a sturdy storage box. (©2012) Order #15000: GORT-5 Complete Kit ($275.00) Order #15001: GORT-5 Examiner's Manual ($92.00) Order #15002: GORT-5 Student Book ($65.00) Order #15003: GORT-5 Examiner Record Booklets, Form A) (25) ($59.00) Order #15004: GORT-5 Examiner Record Booklets, Form B) (25) ($59.00) Click here to place an order.   Gray Diagnostic Reading Tests  Second Edition (GDRT-2)  Brian R. Bryant • J. Lee Wiederholt • Diane Pedrotty Bryant   Ages: 6-0 through 13-11 years Testing Time: 45 to 60 minutes Administration: Individual The Gray Diagnostic Reading Tests-Second Edition (GDRT-2) has been revised and updated to reflect current research in reading. The GDRT-2 assesses students who have difficulty reading continuous print and who require an evaluation of specific abilities and weaknesses. Two parallel forms are provided to allow you to study a student's reading progress over time. Teachers and reading specialists will find this test useful and efficient in monitoring reading skills progress.   The GDRT-2 has four core subtests, each of which measures an important reading skill. The four subtests are: Letter/Word Identification, Phonetic Analysis, Reading Vocabulary, and Meaningful Reading. The three supplemental subtests, Listening Vocabulary, Rapid Naming, and Phonological Awareness, measure skills that many researchers and clinicians think have important roles in the diagnosis or teaching of developmental readers or children with dyslexia.   The GDRT-2 was normed in 2001-2002 on a sample of 1,018 students ages 6 through 18. The normative sample was stratified to correspond to key demographic variables (i.e., race, gender and geographic region). The reliabilities of the test are high; all average internal consistency reliabilities for the composites are .94 or above. Other major improvements include: Studies showing the absence of culture, gender, race, and disability bias have been added, and several new validity studies have been conducted, including a comparison of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Third Edition (WISC-III) to the GDRT-2. COMPLETE GDRT-2 KIT INCLUDES: Examiner's Manual, Adventures in Fancyland Storybook, Student Book Form A, Student Book Form B, 25 Examiner/Record Forms A, and 25 Examiner/Record Forms B, all in a sturdy storage box. (2004)   Order #10965: GDRT-2 Complete Kit ($272.00) Order #10966: GDRT-2 Examiner's Manual ($80.00) Order #10967: GDRT-2 Student Form Book A ($55.00) Order ##10968: GDRT-2 Student Form Book B ($55.00) Order #10969: GDRT-2 Adventures in Fancyland Storybook ($5.00) Order #10970: GDRT-2 Examiner/Record Form A (25) ($51.00) Order #10971: GDRT-2 Examiner/Record Form A (25) ($51.00)   Click here to place an order.