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| Reading and Reading-Related Tests Now Available Through Psycho-Educational Services Test of Phonological Awareness-Second Edition:PLUS (TOPA-2+) Gray Oral Reading Tests-Fourth Edition (GORT-4) Gray Diagnostic Reading Tests-Second Edition (GDRT-2)
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| Test of Phonological Awareness-Second Edition: PLUS (TOPA-2+) Joseph K. Torgensen • Brian R. Bryant
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| The TOPA-2+, a revision of the popular Test of Phonological Awareness, is a group-administered, norm-referenced measure of phonological awareness for children ages 5 through 8 years. The scale, which can also be administered individually, has demonstrated reliability and the test yields valid results that are reported in terms of percentile ranks and a variety of standard scores (e.g., scale scores, Normal Curve Equivalents) that can be selected based on the preference of the examiner and the purpose for which the results are to be used (e.g., identification; reports to local, state, or federal agencies). The TOPA-2+ has two versions, a Kindergarten version and an Early Elementary version, that measure young children's ability to (a) isolate individual phonemes in spoken words and (b) understand the relationships between letters and phonemes in English. The latter skill was not assessed by the original TOPA and is the reason the PLUS was added to the title. One version, the Kindergarten TOPA-2+, can be administered any time during the kindergarten year but is likely to be most sensitive to individual differences during the second half of the year. This version uses two different item types to assess phonemic awareness. Ten Initial Sound-Same items require children to mark which of three words begins with the same sound as a target word. Ten Initial Sound-Different items require children to mark which word in a group of four words begins with a different first sound than the other three. A child's total score for phonemic awareness is the number correct on each item type added together. The Letter-Sounds subtest requires children to mark which letter, from a set of four, corresponds to a specific phoneme. The subtest has 15 items, and the child's score for the test is the total number correct. The Early Elementary version of the TOPA-2+, for children in first and second grades, is similar in structure to the kindergarten version, except that the child must identify final sounds in words, which is a more difficult task. The 10 Ending Sound-Same items requires children to identify which of three words ends with the same sound as a target word, while the 10 Ending Sound-Different items asks children to mark which of a group of four words ends in a different sound than the others. As with the kindergarten version, the number correct on both item types is summed to get one total score for phonemic awareness. The Letter-Sounds test for the Early Elementary version requires children to spell simple pseudowords that are given as the names of "funny animals."
| The words vary from two to five phonemes in length, and they are all single-syllable. The child's score is the total number of words spelled correctly. The TOPA-2+ was normed on 2,085 students from 26 states; 1,035 for the Kindergarten Version and 1,050 for the Early Elementary Version. The sample is representative of the United States across several key demographic variables (i.e., geographic region, gender, race, ethnicity, family income, educational attainment of parents). The TOPA-2+ manual provides evidence of internal consistency reliability, test-retest reliability, and interscorer reliability; all of which meet or exceed .80 across all ages. Evidence is also provided for content-descriptive validity, criterion-prediction validity, and construct-identification validity. The manual also provides evidence that the TOPA-2+ subtests are nonbiased in regard to gender, race, and ethnicity. Major improvements in this edition: 1. All new normative data were collected during the years 2002 and 2003. 2. Characteristics of the normative sample with regard to age, geographic region, gender, race, residence, Hispanic ethnicity, family income, and parents' education are keyed to the 2000 census data projections and therefore are representative of the current U.S. Population. 3. The normative data for geographic region, gender, race, and residence have been stratified by age. 4. Studies showing the absence of culture, gender, race, and disability bias have been added. 5. Reliability coefficients have been computed by age and separately for males, females, Euro-Americans, African Americans, and Hispanic Americans, and those with language and learning disabilities, as well as for the entire normative group. 6. All new validity studies have been conducted; these studies show clearly that the test results are valid for a wide variety of mainstream and minority subgroups, as well as for the general population. 7. Some items from the original scale were changed to less offensive words and pictures. 8. Letter-sound correspondence subtests were added to it which adds substantially to the predictive accuracy of early screening for reading difficulties. 9. The overall look of the test has been updated and improved.
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COMPLETE TOPA-2+ KIT INCLUDES: Examiner's Manual, 50 Kindergarten Summary Forms, 50 Early Elementary Summary Forms, 25 Student Booklets for Kindergarten, and 25 Student Booklets for Early Elementary, all in a sturdy storage box. (2004)
Order #11880: TOPA-2+ Complete Kit ($228.00) Order #11881: TOPA-2+ Examiner's Manual ($79.00) Order #11882: TOPA-2+ Kindergarten Summary Forms, pad of 50 ($33.00) Order #11883: TOPA-2+ Early Elementary Summary Forms ($33.00)Order #11884: TOPA-2+ Kindergarten Student Booklets (25) ($51.00) Order #11885: TOPA-2+ Early Elementary Student Booklets (25) $51.00
Click here to place an order.
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| Gray Oral Reading Tests Fourth Edition (GORT-4) J. Lee Wiederholt • Brian R. Bryant
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The widely used and popular Gray Oral Reading Tests-Third Edition (GORT-3) has been revised and all new normative data provided. The GORT-4 provides an efficient and objective measure of growth in oral reading and an aid in the diagnosis of oral reading difficulties. The test consists of two parallel forms, each containing 14 developmentally sequenced reading passages with five comprehension questions and can be given to students ages 6-0 through 18-11.
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The GORT-4 provides examiners with a Fluency Score that is derived by combining the reader's performance in Rate (time in seconds taken to read each passage) and Accuracy (number of deviations from print made in each passage). The number of correct responses made to the comprehension questions provides examiners with an Oral Reading Comprehension Score. All four scores are reported in terms of standard scores, percentile ranks, grade equivalents, and age equivalents. The Fluency Score and the Oral Reading Comprehension Score are combined to obtain an Oral Reading Quotient. The GORT-4 was normed on a sample of more than 1,600 students aged 6 through 18. The normative sample was stratified to correspond to key demographic variables (i.e., race, gender, ethnicity, and geographic region). The reliabilities of the test are high; all average internal consistency reliabilities are .90 or above. The test-retest study was conducted with all ages for which the test can be administered and illustrates the stability and reliability of the measure.
| The validity is extensive and includes studies that illustrate that the GORT-4 can be used with confidence to measure change in oral reading over time. Several improvements were made in the GORT-4; a few are discussed here. First, we added an easier story to both forms and thus the GORT-4 consists of 14, rather than 13, stories. Second, we used a linear equating procedure to adjust scores on the two test forms to allow the examiner to use scores on Forms A and B interchangeably. Third, we included bias studies that show the absence of bias based on gender and ethnicity. Finally, several new validity studies have been conducted, including an examination of the relationship of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Third Edition (WISC-III) to the GORT-4. You can use the GORT-4 in a variety of settings, such as elementary and secondary schools, clinics, and reading centers. The two forms of the test allow you to study an individual's oral reading progress over time.
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Several improvements were made in the GORT-4; a few are discussed here. First, we added an easier story to both forms and thus the GORT-4 consists of 14, rather than 13, stories. Second, we used a linear equating procedure to adjust scores on the two test forms to allow the examiner to use scores on Forms A and B interchangeably. Third, we included bias studies that show the absence of bias based on gender and ethnicity. Finally, several new validity studies have been conducted, including an examination of the relationship of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for ChildrenThird Edition (WISCIII) to the GORT-4.
You can use the GORT-4 in a variety of settings, such as elementary and secondary schools, clinics, and reading centers. The two forms of the test allow you to study an individual's oral reading progress over time.
Order #9480: GORT-4 Complete Kit ($245.00)
Order #9481: GORT-4 Examiner's Manual ($87.00)
Order #9482: GORT-4 Student Book ($55.00)
Order #9483: GORT-4 Profile/Examiner Record Forms, Form A) (25) ($55.00)
Order #9584: GORT-4 Profile/Examiner Record Forms, Form B) (25) ($55.00)
Click here to place an order.
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Gray Diagnostic Reading Tests Second Edition (GDRT-2) Brian R. Bryant • J. Lee Wiederholt • Diane Pedrotty Bryant
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Ages: 6-0 through 13-11 years -
Testing Time: 45 to 60 minutes -
Administration: Individual The Gray Diagnostic Reading Tests-Second Edition (GDRT-2) has been revised and updated to reflect current research in reading.
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The GDRT-2 assesses students who have difficulty reading continuous print and who require an evaluation of specific abilities and weaknesses. Two parallel forms are provided to allow you to study a student's reading progress over time. Teachers and reading specialists will find this test useful and efficient in monitoring reading skills progress. The GDRT-2 has four core subtests, each of which measures an important reading skill. The four subtests are: Letter/Word Identification, Phonetic Analysis, Reading Vocabulary, and Meaningful Reading. The three supplemental subtests, Listening Vocabulary, Rapid Naming, and Phonological Awareness, measure skills that many researchers and clinicians think have important roles in the diagnosis
| or teaching of developmental readers or children with dyslexia. The GDRT-2 was normed in 2001-2002 on a sample of 1,018 students ages 6 through 18. The normative sample was stratified to correspond to key demographic variables (i.e., race, gender and geographic region). The reliabilities of the test are high; all average internal consistency reliabilities for the composites are .94 or above. Other major improvements include: Studies showing the absence of culture, gender, race, and disability bias have been added, and several new validity studies have been conducted, including a comparison of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Third Edition (WISC-III) to the GDRT-2.
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COMPLETE GDRT-2 KIT INCLUDES: Examiner's Manual, Adventures in Fancyland Storybook, Student Book Form A, Student Book Form B, 25 Examiner/Record Forms A, and 25 Examiner/Record Forms B, all in a sturdy storage box. (2004)
Order #10965: GDRT-2 Complete Kit ($272.00)
Order #10966: GDRT-2 Examiner's Manual ($80.00)
Order #10967: GDRT-2 Student Form Book A ($55.00)
Order ##10968: GDRT-2 Student Form Book B ($55.00)
Order #10969: GDRT-2 Adventures in Fancyland Storybook ($5.00)
Order #10970: GDRT-2 Examiner/Record Form A (25) ($51.00)
Order #10971: GDRT-2 Examiner/Record Form A (25) ($51.00)
Click here to place an order.
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